TOI-4495 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-4495 b is a confirmed sub-neptune exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-4495, located approximately 431.2 light-years (132.21 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2026 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0302% across the stellar disk), this world measures 2.483 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 7.7 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 2.77 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.25 g⊕ (12.26 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 19.7 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-4495, TOI-4495 b completes one full revolution every 2.567 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.03957 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 167.7 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). Its moderate orbital eccentricity of e = 0.078 carries the world between 0.0365 AU at periapsis and 0.0427 AU at apoapsis, driving measurable seasonal insolation cycles.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1735 K (+1462°C / +2664°F) and receiving 1,001.28 S⊕ (~1,362,742 W/m²), TOI-4495 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-4495 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 6,210 K, a radius of 1.309 R☉, a mass of 1.247 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 2.286 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 1.9 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.18 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-4495 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 9.531 (accessible to binoculars and small amateur telescopes) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The TOI-4495 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with TOI-4495 b sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside TOI-4495 c.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-4495 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 6,210 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.3090 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.2470 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 2.286 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.180 dex |
| Stellar Age | 1.900 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 9.531 · G: 9.386 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.039570 AU |
| Orbital Period | 2.567 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 167.7 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.07800 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 87.8000° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 2.77 g/cm³ (19.7 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 1001.2800 S⊕ (~1,362,742 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 431.200 LY (132.214 pc) |