TOI-2093 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-2093 b is a confirmed sub-neptune exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-2093, located approximately 270.1 light-years (82.8 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2025 by Calar Alto Observatory using the Radial Velocity detection technique (measuring periodic Doppler reflex motion in the host star's spectrum), this world measures 3.25 Earth radii (0.29 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 10.6 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 1.7 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 1 g⊕ (9.81 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 20.2 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-2093, TOI-2093 b completes one full revolution every 12.836 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.097 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 82.2 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 535 K (+262°C / +504°F) and receiving 19.53 S⊕ (~26,586 W/m²), TOI-2093 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-2093 is classified as an orange K-type star of spectral type K5 V with an effective photospheric temperature of 4,426 K, a radius of 0.729 R☉, a mass of 0.745 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.183 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 6.6 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.08 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, TOI-2093 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 11.925 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The TOI-2093 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with TOI-2093 b sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside TOI-2093 c.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Calar Alto Observatory · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-2093 |
| Spectral Type | K5 V |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 4,426 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.7290 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.7450 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.183 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.080 dex |
| Stellar Age | 6.600 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 11.925 · G: 11.369 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.097000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 12.836 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 82.2 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | — |
| Mean Bulk Density | 1.7 g/cm³ (20.2 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 19.5345 S⊕ (~26,586 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 270.100 LY (82.798 pc) |