TOI-1232 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-1232 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-1232, located approximately 1071.8 light-years (328.6 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2026 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.8736% across the stellar disk), this world measures 10.929 Earth radii (0.98 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 220.573 Earth masses (0.69 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 0.93 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 1.85 g⊕ (18.14 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 50.3 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-1232, TOI-1232 b completes one full revolution every 14.256 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.117 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 89.3 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). Its moderate orbital eccentricity of e = 0.065 carries the world between 0.1094 AU at periapsis and 0.1246 AU at apoapsis, driving measurable seasonal insolation cycles.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 786 K (+513°C / +955°F) and receiving 90.07 S⊕ (~122,580 W/m²), TOI-1232 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-1232 is classified as a solar-type yellow star of spectral type G1 V with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,823 K, a radius of 1.072 R☉, a mass of 1.058 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.185 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 4 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.18 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-1232 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 12.68 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Southern celestial hemisphere. The TOI-1232 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with TOI-1232 b sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside TOI-1232 c.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-1232 |
| Spectral Type | G1 V |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,823 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.0720 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.0580 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.185 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.180 dex |
| Stellar Age | 4.000 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 12.680 · G: 12.265 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.117000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 14.256 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 89.3 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.06500 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.4400° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 0.93 g/cm³ (50.3 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 90.0659 S⊕ (~122,580 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1071.800 LY (328.604 pc) |