Kepler-784 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-784 b is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-784, located approximately 4252.2 light-years (1303.72 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2016 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.012% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.58 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 3.12 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 4.36 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 1.25 g⊕ (12.26 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 15.7 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-784, Kepler-784 b completes one full revolution every 31.592 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.22111 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 76.1 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 688 K (+415°C / +779°F) and receiving 194.39 S⊕ (~264,558 W/m²), Kepler-784 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-784 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,674 K, a radius of 1.32 R☉, a mass of 1 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.62 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 9.12 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.07 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-784 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 13.392 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The Kepler-784 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with Kepler-784 b sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside Kepler-784 c.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-784 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,674 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.3200 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.0000 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.62 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.070 dex |
| Stellar Age | 9.120 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 13.392 · G: 13.263 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.221110 AU |
| Orbital Period | 31.592 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 76.1 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.0600° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 4.36 g/cm³ (15.7 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 194.3850 S⊕ (~264,558 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 4252.200 LY (1303.720 pc) |