TOI-4010 e
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-4010 e is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-4010, located approximately 578.9 light-years (177.5 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2023 by Roque de los Muchachos Observatory using the Radial Velocity detection technique (measuring periodic Doppler reflex motion in the host star's spectrum), this world measures 13.3 Earth radii (1.19 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 692 Earth masses (2.18 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 1.62 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 3.91 g⊕ (38.34 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 80.7 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-4010, TOI-4010 e completes one full revolution every 762 Earth days (2.09Julian years) at a semi-major axis of 1.57 AU (corresponding to the middle-system regime between Mars at 1.52 AU and Jupiter at 5.20 AU). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 22.4 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The planet follows a highly eccentric trajectory (e = 0.26, swinging from 1.1618 AU at periapsis out to 1.9782 AU at apoapsis), pointing to past dynamical scattering or secular gravitational perturbations.
❄️ Thermal Regime (Cryogenic Zone): With an equilibrium temperature of 174 K (-99°C / -146°F) and an incident flux of 0.15 S⊕ (~204 W/m²), surface water and volatile species on TOI-4010 e would remain locked in cryogenic ice phases unless warmed by subsurface tidal or radiogenic heating.
The host star TOI-4010 is classified as an orange K-type star of spectral type K V with an effective photospheric temperature of 4,960 K, a radius of 0.83 R☉, a mass of 0.88 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.374 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 6.1 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.37 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-4010 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 12.291 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The TOI-4010 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 4 confirmed worlds, with TOI-4010 e sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside TOI-4010 b, TOI-4010 c, TOI-4010 d.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Roque de los Muchachos Observatory · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-4010 |
| Spectral Type | K V |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 4,960 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.8300 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.8800 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.374 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.370 dex |
| Stellar Age | 6.100 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 12.291 · G: 12.122 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 4 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 1.570000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 762 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 22.4 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.26000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | — |
| Mean Bulk Density | 1.62 g/cm³ (80.7 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 0.1500 S⊕ (~204 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 578.900 LY (177.504 pc) |