TOI-3714 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-3714 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-3714, located approximately 367.6 light-years (112.71 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2022 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 4.1416% across the stellar disk), this world measures 11.321 Earth radii (1.01 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 222.48 Earth masses (0.7 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 0.85 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 1.74 g⊕ (17.06 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 49.6 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-3714, TOI-3714 b completes one full revolution every 2.155 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.027 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 136.3 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). With a near-circular eccentricity of e = 0.03 (ranging from 0.0262 AU at periapsis to 0.0278 AU at apoapsis), the planet experiences minimal orbital distance variation.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 750 K (+477°C / +891°F) and receiving 54.00 S⊕ (~73,494 W/m²), TOI-3714 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-3714 is classified as a low-mass red dwarf of spectral type M2 with an effective photospheric temperature of 3,660 K, a radius of 0.51 R☉, a mass of 0.53 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.042 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 2.9 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.1 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-3714 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 15.7 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-3714 |
| Spectral Type | M2 |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 3,660 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.5100 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.5300 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.042 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.100 dex |
| Stellar Age | 2.900 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 15.700 · G: 14.311 |
| System Architecture | 2 Stars, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.027000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 2.155 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 136.3 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.03000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 88.7000° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 0.85 g/cm³ (49.6 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 54.0000 S⊕ (~73,494 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 367.600 LY (112.710 pc) |