TOI-3135 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-3135 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-3135, located approximately 723 light-years (221.67 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2025 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 1.6148% across the stellar disk), this world measures 13.653 Earth radii (1.22 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 327.363 Earth masses (1.03 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 0.71 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 1.76 g⊕ (17.26 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 54.8 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-3135, TOI-3135 b completes one full revolution every 3.707 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.04756 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 139.6 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). Its moderate orbital eccentricity of e = 0.24 carries the world between 0.0361 AU at periapsis and 0.059 AU at apoapsis, driving measurable seasonal insolation cycles.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1292 K (+1019°C / +1866°F) and receiving 464.00 S⊕ (~631,504 W/m²), TOI-3135 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-3135 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,890 K, a radius of 0.985 R☉, a mass of 1.044 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.048 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 1.8 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.071 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-3135 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 11.79 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Southern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-3135 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,890 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.9850 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.0440 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.048 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.071 dex |
| Stellar Age | 1.800 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 11.790 · G: 11.580 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.047560 AU |
| Orbital Period | 3.707 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 139.6 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.24000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 85.6900° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 0.71 g/cm³ (54.8 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 464.0000 S⊕ (~631,504 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 723.000 LY (221.673 pc) |