TOI-2580 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-2580 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-2580, located approximately 1237 light-years (379.25 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2024 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.7744% across the stellar disk), this world measures 17.374 Earth radii (1.55 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 200.232 Earth masses (0.63 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 0.21 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 0.66 g⊕ (6.47 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 38 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-2580, TOI-2580 b completes one full revolution every 3.398 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.048 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 153.7 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). Its moderate orbital eccentricity of e = 0.08 carries the world between 0.0442 AU at periapsis and 0.0518 AU at apoapsis, driving measurable seasonal insolation cycles.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 2410 K (+2137°C / +3879°F) and receiving 1,730.00 S⊕ (~2,354,530 W/m²), TOI-2580 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-2580 is classified as a warm F-type star of spectral type F with an effective photospheric temperature of 6,120 K, a radius of 1.81 R☉, a mass of 1.33 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 4.123 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 2 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.26 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-2580 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 11.419 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-2580 |
| Spectral Type | F |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 6,120 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.8100 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.3300 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 4.123 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.260 dex |
| Stellar Age | 2.000 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 11.419 · G: 11.255 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.048000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 3.398 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 153.7 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.08000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | — |
| Mean Bulk Density | 0.21 g/cm³ (38 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 1730.0000 S⊕ (~2,354,530 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1237.000 LY (379.253 pc) |