TOI-2498 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-2498 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-2498, located approximately 897.8 light-years (275.27 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2023 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.1944% across the stellar disk), this world measures 6.06 Earth radii (0.54 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 34.62 Earth masses (0.11 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 0.86 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 0.94 g⊕ (9.22 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 26.7 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-2498, TOI-2498 b completes one full revolution every 3.738 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.0491 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 142.9 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). Its moderate orbital eccentricity of e = 0.089 carries the world between 0.0447 AU at periapsis and 0.0535 AU at apoapsis, driving measurable seasonal insolation cycles.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1443 K (+1170°C / +2138°F) and receiving 790.48 S⊕ (~1,075,838 W/m²), TOI-2498 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-2498 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,905 K, a radius of 1.26 R☉, a mass of 1.12 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.732 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 3.6 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.167 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-2498 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 11.196 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-2498 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,905 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.2600 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.1200 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.732 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.167 dex |
| Stellar Age | 3.600 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 11.196 · G: 11.268 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.049100 AU |
| Orbital Period | 3.738 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 142.9 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.08900 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 87.1200° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 0.86 g/cm³ (26.7 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 790.4759 S⊕ (~1,075,838 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 897.800 LY (275.265 pc) |