TOI-2449 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-2449 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-2449, located approximately 511.4 light-years (156.79 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2025 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.9362% across the stellar disk), this world measures 11.24 Earth radii (1 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 222 Earth masses (0.7 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 0.86 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 1.76 g⊕ (17.26 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 49.7 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-2449, TOI-2449 b completes one full revolution every 106.145 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.45 AU (situated at an orbital separation between Mercury's 0.39 AU and Venus's 0.72 AU). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 46.1 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). Its moderate orbital eccentricity of e = 0.098 carries the world between 0.4059 AU at periapsis and 0.4941 AU at apoapsis, driving measurable seasonal insolation cycles.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 400 K (+127°C / +261°F) and receiving 362.64 S⊕ (~493,556 W/m²), TOI-2449 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-2449 is classified as a solar-type yellow star of spectral type G with an effective photospheric temperature of 6,021 K, a radius of 1.065 R☉, a mass of 1.079 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.337 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 2.5 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.03 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, TOI-2449 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 10.416 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Southern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-2449 |
| Spectral Type | G |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 6,021 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.0650 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.0790 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.337 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.030 dex |
| Stellar Age | 2.500 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 10.416 · G: 10.292 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.450000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 106.145 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 46.1 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.09800 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.5500° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 0.86 g/cm³ (49.7 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 362.6420 S⊕ (~493,556 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 511.400 LY (156.786 pc) |