TOI-2416 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-2416 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-2416, located approximately 1819.1 light-years (557.73 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2023 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.5353% across the stellar disk), this world measures 9.864 Earth radii (0.88 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 953.485 Earth masses (3 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 5.48 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 9.8 g⊕ (96.11 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 110 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-2416, TOI-2416 b completes one full revolution every 8.275 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.0831 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 109.2 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The planet follows a highly eccentric trajectory (e = 0.32, swinging from 0.0565 AU at periapsis out to 0.1097 AU at apoapsis), pointing to past dynamical scattering or secular gravitational perturbations.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1080 K (+807°C / +1485°F) and receiving 130.93 S⊕ (~178,196 W/m²), TOI-2416 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-2416 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,808 K, a radius of 1.236 R☉, a mass of 1.118 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.56 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 4.9 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.32 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-2416 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 13.019 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Southern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-2416 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,808 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.2360 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.1180 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.56 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.320 dex |
| Stellar Age | 4.900 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 13.019 · G: 12.891 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.083100 AU |
| Orbital Period | 8.275 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 109.2 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.32000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 90.0000° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 5.48 g/cm³ (110 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 130.9300 S⊕ (~178,196 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1819.100 LY (557.733 pc) |