TOI-2295 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-2295 c is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-2295, located approximately 411.9 light-years (126.28 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2024 by Haute-Provence Observatory using the Radial Velocity detection technique (measuring periodic Doppler reflex motion in the host star's spectrum), this world measures 12.8 Earth radii (1.14 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 1783.017 Earth masses (5.61 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 4.69 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 10.88 g⊕ (106.7 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 132 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-2295, TOI-2295 c completes one full revolution every 966.5 Earth days (2.65Julian years) at a semi-major axis of 2.018 AU (corresponding to the middle-system regime between Mars at 1.52 AU and Jupiter at 5.20 AU). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 22.7 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). Its moderate orbital eccentricity of e = 0.194 carries the world between 1.6265 AU at periapsis and 2.4095 AU at apoapsis, driving measurable seasonal insolation cycles.
☁️ Atmospheric Regime (Volatile / Gas Envelope): With a radius of 12.800 R⊕, TOI-2295 c exceeds the empirical ~1.8–2.2 R⊕ Fulton radius valley threshold, indicating a substantial hydrogen-helium or supercritical volatile envelope without a conventional solid terrestrial surface.
The host star TOI-2295 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,730 K, a radius of 1.459 R☉, a mass of 1.168 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 2.059 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 10.5 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.316 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-2295 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 9.595 (accessible to binoculars and small amateur telescopes) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The TOI-2295 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with TOI-2295 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside TOI-2295 b.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Haute-Provence Observatory · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-2295 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,730 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.4590 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.1680 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 2.059 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.316 dex |
| Stellar Age | 10.500 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 9.595 · G: 9.461 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 2.018000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 966.5 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 22.7 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.19400 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | — |
| Mean Bulk Density | 4.69 g/cm³ (132 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 0.5059 S⊕ (~689 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 411.900 LY (126.279 pc) |