TOI-2095 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-2095 c is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-2095, located approximately 136.7 light-years (41.92 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2023 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0768% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.33 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 7.4 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 17.34 g/cm³ (an iron-enriched, high-compression rocky core), a surface gravity of 4.18 g⊕ (40.99 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 26.4 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-2095, TOI-2095 c completes one full revolution every 28.172 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.137 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 52.9 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
✓ Classified as a Temperate Habitable Zone Candidate.
With an estimated equilibrium temperature of 297 K (+24°C / +75°F) and an incident stellar irradiance of 1.84 S⊕ (~2,504 W/m²), TOI-2095 c orbits within the empirical circumstellar habitable zone where a rocky surface under sufficient atmospheric pressure can maintain liquid surface water.
The host star TOI-2095 is classified as a low-mass red dwarf of spectral type M2.5 V with an effective photospheric temperature of 3,759 K, a radius of 0.44 R☉, a mass of 0.44 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.035 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 1 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.24 dex (metal-poor relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-2095 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 13.19 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The TOI-2095 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with TOI-2095 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside TOI-2095 b.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-2095 |
| Spectral Type | M2.5 V |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 3,759 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.4400 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.4400 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.035 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.240 dex |
| Stellar Age | 1.000 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 13.190 · G: 12.094 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.137000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 28.172 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 52.9 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.9100° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 17.34 g/cm³ (26.4 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 1.8400 S⊕ (~2,504 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | ★ Temperate Zone |
| Celestial Distance | 136.700 LY (41.918 pc) |