TOI-2094 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-2094 b is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-2094, located approximately 163.2 light-years (50.03 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2026 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.2058% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.9 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 4.27 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 3.43 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.18 g⊕ (11.57 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 16.8 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-2094, TOI-2094 b completes one full revolution every 18.793 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.136 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 78.7 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s).
✓ Classified as a Temperate Habitable Zone Candidate.
With an estimated equilibrium temperature of 276 K (+3°C / +37°F) and an incident stellar irradiance of 0.98 S⊕ (~1,334 W/m²), TOI-2094 b orbits within the empirical circumstellar habitable zone where a rocky surface under sufficient atmospheric pressure can maintain liquid surface water.
The host star TOI-2094 is classified as a low-mass red dwarf of spectral type M3 V with an effective photospheric temperature of 3,435 K, a radius of 0.384 R☉, a mass of 0.425 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.018 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.06 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, TOI-2094 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 14.409 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-2094 |
| Spectral Type | M3 V |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 3,435 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.3840 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.4250 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.018 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.060 dex |
| Stellar Age | — |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 14.409 · G: 13.454 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.136000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 18.793 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 78.7 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | Circular (0.00) |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.3870° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 3.43 g/cm³ (16.8 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 0.9800 S⊕ (~1,334 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | ★ Temperate Zone |
| Celestial Distance | 163.200 LY (50.025 pc) |