TOI-2025 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-2025 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-2025, located approximately 1095.8 light-years (335.99 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2022 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.5585% across the stellar disk), this world measures 11.893 Earth radii (1.06 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 1144.182 Earth masses (3.6 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 3.75 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 8.09 g⊕ (79.34 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 109.7 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-2025, TOI-2025 b completes one full revolution every 8.872 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.0892 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 109.4 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The planet follows a highly eccentric trajectory (e = 0.394, swinging from 0.0541 AU at periapsis out to 0.1243 AU at apoapsis), pointing to past dynamical scattering or secular gravitational perturbations.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1166 K (+893°C / +1639°F) and receiving 343.72 S⊕ (~467,797 W/m²), TOI-2025 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-2025 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,977 K, a radius of 1.459 R☉, a mass of 1.199 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 2.437 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 4.5 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.15 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-2025 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 11.599 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-2025 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,977 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.4590 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.1990 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 2.437 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.150 dex |
| Stellar Age | 4.500 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 11.599 · G: 11.364 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.089200 AU |
| Orbital Period | 8.872 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 109.4 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.39400 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 88.6500° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 3.75 g/cm³ (109.7 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 343.7160 S⊕ (~467,797 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1095.800 LY (335.985 pc) |