TOI-1194 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-1194 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-1194, located approximately 488.1 light-years (149.67 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2023 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.6918% across the stellar disk), this world measures 8.717 Earth radii (0.78 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 120 Earth masses (0.38 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 1 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 1.58 g⊕ (15.49 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 41.5 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-1194, TOI-1194 b completes one full revolution every 2.311 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.034 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 160.1 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1264 K (+991°C / +1816°F) and receiving 203.69 S⊕ (~277,215 W/m²), TOI-1194 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-1194 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,394 K, a radius of 0.9608 R☉, a mass of 0.9835 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.701 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 4.9 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.348 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-1194 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 11.302 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-1194 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,394 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.9608 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.9835 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.701 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.348 dex |
| Stellar Age | 4.900 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 11.302 · G: 10.989 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.034000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 2.311 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 160.1 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 83.9800° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 1 g/cm³ (41.5 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 203.6850 S⊕ (~277,215 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 488.100 LY (149.667 pc) |