TOI-1135 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-1135 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-1135, located approximately 372 light-years (114.05 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2024 by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.5725% across the stellar disk), this world measures 9.92 Earth radii (0.89 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 58.798 Earth masses (0.18 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 0.33 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 0.6 g⊕ (5.88 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 27.2 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-1135, TOI-1135 b completes one full revolution every 8.028 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.0815 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 110.4 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). Its moderate orbital eccentricity of e = 0.062 carries the world between 0.0764 AU at periapsis and 0.0866 AU at apoapsis, driving measurable seasonal insolation cycles.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1171 K (+898°C / +1648°F) and receiving 310.00 S⊕ (~421,910 W/m²), TOI-1135 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-1135 is classified as a solar-type yellow star of spectral type G0 with an effective photospheric temperature of 6,320 K, a radius of 1.202 R☉, a mass of 1.119 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 2.068 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 3.3 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.039 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, TOI-1135 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 9.54 (accessible to binoculars and small amateur telescopes) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-1135 |
| Spectral Type | G0 |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 6,320 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.2020 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.1190 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 2.068 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.039 dex |
| Stellar Age | 3.300 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 9.540 · G: 9.414 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.081500 AU |
| Orbital Period | 8.028 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 110.4 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.06200 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.3000° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 0.33 g/cm³ (27.2 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 310.0000 S⊕ (~421,910 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 372.000 LY (114.048 pc) |