TOI-1052 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
TOI-1052 c is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star TOI-1052, located approximately 423.4 light-years (129.8 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2023 by Multiple Observatories using the Radial Velocity detection technique (measuring periodic Doppler reflex motion in the host star's spectrum), this world measures 6.48 Earth radii (0.58 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 34.3 Earth masses (0.11 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 0.7 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 0.82 g⊕ (8.04 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 25.7 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around TOI-1052, TOI-1052 c completes one full revolution every 35.806 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.2263 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 68.8 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). Its moderate orbital eccentricity of e = 0.237 carries the world between 0.1727 AU at periapsis and 0.2799 AU at apoapsis, driving measurable seasonal insolation cycles.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 719 K (+446°C / +835°F) and receiving 39.70 S⊕ (~54,032 W/m²), TOI-1052 c orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star TOI-1052 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 6,146 K, a radius of 1.264 R☉, a mass of 1.204 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 2.045 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 2.3 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.14 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, TOI-1052 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 9.511 (accessible to binoculars and small amateur telescopes) in the Southern celestial hemisphere. The TOI-1052 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with TOI-1052 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside TOI-1052 b.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Multiple Observatories · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | TOI-1052 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 6,146 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.2640 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.2040 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 2.045 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.140 dex |
| Stellar Age | 2.300 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 9.511 · G: 9.400 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.226300 AU |
| Orbital Period | 35.806 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 68.8 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.23700 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | — |
| Mean Bulk Density | 0.7 g/cm³ (25.7 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 39.7000 S⊕ (~54,032 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 423.400 LY (129.804 pc) |