Kepler-935 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-935 b is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-935, located approximately 1538.7 light-years (471.78 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2016 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0287% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.35 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 2.39 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 5.36 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 1.31 g⊕ (12.85 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 14.9 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-935, Kepler-935 b completes one full revolution every 4.881 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.0527 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 117.5 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 879 K (+606°C / +1123°F) and receiving 94.61 S⊕ (~128,760 W/m²), Kepler-935 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-935 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 4,830 K, a radius of 0.73 R☉, a mass of 0.78 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.26 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 3.8 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.01 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-935 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 15.01 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-935 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 4,830 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.7300 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.7800 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.26 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.010 dex |
| Stellar Age | 3.800 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 15.010 · G: 14.900 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.052700 AU |
| Orbital Period | 4.881 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 117.5 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.1000° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 5.36 g/cm³ (14.9 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 94.6070 S⊕ (~128,760 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1538.700 LY (471.782 pc) |