Kepler-786 b

Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization

Kepler-786 b is a confirmed sub-neptune exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-786, located approximately 1582.9 light-years (485.32 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2016 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0906% across the stellar disk), this world measures 2.43 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 6.48 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 2.49 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.1 g⊕ (10.79 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 18.3 km/s.

In its orbital architecture around Kepler-786, Kepler-786 b completes one full revolution every 53.529 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.25483 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 51.8 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.

☁️ Atmospheric Regime (Volatile / Gas Envelope): With a radius of 2.430 R⊕, Kepler-786 b exceeds the empirical ~1.8–2.2 R⊕ Fulton radius valley threshold, indicating a substantial hydrogen-helium or supercritical volatile envelope without a conventional solid terrestrial surface.

The host star Kepler-786 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 4,838 K, a radius of 0.74 R☉, a mass of 0.81 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.269 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 2.51 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.09 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-786 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 15.253 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.

Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).