Kepler-354 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-354 c is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-354, located approximately 1807.1 light-years (554.06 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2014 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0318% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.31 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 2.27 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 5.57 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 1.32 g⊕ (12.94 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 14.7 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-354, Kepler-354 c completes one full revolution every 16.934 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.115 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 73.9 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 508 K (+235°C / +455°F) and receiving 14.40 S⊕ (~19,604 W/m²), Kepler-354 c orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-354 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 4,648 K, a radius of 0.674 R☉, a mass of 0.652 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.19 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 13.8 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.03 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-354 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 15.771 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The Kepler-354 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 3 confirmed worlds, with Kepler-354 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside Kepler-354 b, Kepler-354 d.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-354 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 4,648 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.6740 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.6520 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.19 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.030 dex |
| Stellar Age | 13.800 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 15.771 · G: 15.556 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 3 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.115000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 16.934 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 73.9 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.2100° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 5.57 g/cm³ (14.7 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 14.4040 S⊕ (~19,604 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1807.100 LY (554.064 pc) |