Kepler-24 d
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-24 d is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-24, located approximately 3773 light-years (1156.81 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2014 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0141% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.67 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 293.959 Earth masses (0.92 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 348.02 g/cm³ (an iron-enriched, high-compression rocky core), a surface gravity of 105.4 g⊕ (1033.62 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 148.4 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-24, Kepler-24 d completes one full revolution every 4.244 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.051 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 130.7 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1305 K (+1032°C / +1890°F) and receiving 601.90 S⊕ (~819,179 W/m²), Kepler-24 d orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-24 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,897 K, a radius of 1.289 R☉, a mass of 1.046 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.803 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 3.02 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.071 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-24 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 15.04 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The Kepler-24 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 4 confirmed worlds, with Kepler-24 d sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside Kepler-24 b, Kepler-24 c, Kepler-24 e.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-24 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,897 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.2890 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.0460 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.803 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.071 dex |
| Stellar Age | 3.020 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 15.040 · G: 14.923 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 4 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.051000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 4.244 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 130.7 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 75.0700° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 348.02 g/cm³ (148.4 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 601.8950 S⊕ (~819,179 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 3773.000 LY (1156.810 pc) |