Kepler-225 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-225 c is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-225, located approximately 1830.1 light-years (561.1 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2014 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.1235% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.84 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 4.04 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 3.58 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.19 g⊕ (11.67 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 16.6 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-225, Kepler-225 c completes one full revolution every 18.794 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.111 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 64.3 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 412 K (+139°C / +282°F) and receiving 9.90 S⊕ (~13,478 W/m²), Kepler-225 c orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-225 is classified as a low-mass red dwarf of spectral type M1 V with an effective photospheric temperature of 3,682 K, a radius of 0.48 R☉, a mass of 0.593 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.038 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 2.88 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.04 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-225 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 16.294 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The Kepler-225 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with Kepler-225 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside Kepler-225 b.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-225 |
| Spectral Type | M1 V |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 3,682 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.4800 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.5930 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.038 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.040 dex |
| Stellar Age | 2.880 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 16.294 · G: 15.950 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.111000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 18.794 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 64.3 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.5200° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 3.58 g/cm³ (16.6 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 9.9030 S⊕ (~13,478 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1830.100 LY (561.101 pc) |