Kepler-202 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-202 b is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-202, located approximately 929.9 light-years (285.11 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2014 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0502% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.63 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 3.29 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 4.19 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 1.24 g⊕ (12.16 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 15.9 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-202, Kepler-202 b completes one full revolution every 4.069 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.045 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 120.3 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 802 K (+529°C / +984°F) and receiving 108.50 S⊕ (~147,674 W/m²), Kepler-202 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-202 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 4,668 K, a radius of 0.667 R☉, a mass of 0.683 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.19 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 3.24 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.21 dex (metal-poor relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-202 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 14.178 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The Kepler-202 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with Kepler-202 b sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside Kepler-202 c.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-202 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 4,668 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.6670 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.6830 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.19 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.210 dex |
| Stellar Age | 3.240 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 14.178 · G: 13.843 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.045000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 4.069 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 120.3 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.6200° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 4.19 g/cm³ (15.9 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 108.5040 S⊕ (~147,674 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 929.900 LY (285.111 pc) |