Kepler-1986 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-1986 b is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1986, located approximately 2974.8 light-years (912.09 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2023 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.056% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.89 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 4.23 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 3.45 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.18 g⊕ (11.57 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 16.7 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1986, Kepler-1986 b completes one full revolution every 19.549 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.1307 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 72.7 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 579 K (+306°C / +583°F) and receiving 26.62 S⊕ (~36,230 W/m²), Kepler-1986 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-1986 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,549 K, a radius of 0.732 R☉, a mass of 0.776 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.456 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.54 dex (metal-poor relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-1986 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 15.661 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-1986 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,549 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.7320 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.7760 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.456 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.540 dex |
| Stellar Age | — |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 15.661 · G: 15.718 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.130700 AU |
| Orbital Period | 19.549 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 72.7 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.0500° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 3.45 g/cm³ (16.7 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 26.6200 S⊕ (~36,230 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 2974.800 LY (912.085 pc) |