Kepler-195 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-195 b is a confirmed sub-neptune exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-195, located approximately 2126.7 light-years (652.05 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2014 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0577% across the stellar disk), this world measures 2.03 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 4.78 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 3.15 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.16 g⊕ (11.38 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 17.2 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-195, Kepler-195 b completes one full revolution every 8.308 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.077 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 100.8 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 751 K (+478°C / +892°F) and receiving 74.15 S⊕ (~100,915 W/m²), Kepler-195 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-195 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,329 K, a radius of 0.775 R☉, a mass of 0.867 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.435 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 2.19 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.04 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-195 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 14.863 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The Kepler-195 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with Kepler-195 b sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside Kepler-195 c.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-195 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,329 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.7750 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.8670 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.435 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.040 dex |
| Stellar Age | 2.190 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 14.863 · G: 14.799 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.077000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 8.308 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 100.8 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.9500° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 3.15 g/cm³ (17.2 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 74.1480 S⊕ (~100,915 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 2126.700 LY (652.051 pc) |