Kepler-1936 b

Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization

Kepler-1936 b is a confirmed sub-neptune exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1936, located approximately 2841.1 light-years (871.1 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2021 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0245% across the stellar disk), this world measures 3.166 Earth radii (0.28 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 10.2 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 1.77 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 1.02 g⊕ (10 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 20.1 km/s.

In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1936, Kepler-1936 b completes one full revolution every 126.557 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.52662 AU (situated at an orbital separation between Mercury's 0.39 AU and Venus's 0.72 AU). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 45.3 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.

⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 524 K (+251°C / +484°F) and receiving 9.40 S⊕ (~12,793 W/m²), Kepler-1936 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.

The host star Kepler-1936 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 6,501 K, a radius of 1.854 R☉, a mass of 1.419 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 5.508 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 2.57 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.1 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-1936 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 13.393 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.

Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).