Kepler-1935 b

Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization

Kepler-1935 b is a confirmed sub-neptune exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1935, located approximately 2950.7 light-years (904.7 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2021 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0652% across the stellar disk), this world measures 2.503 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 6.82 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 2.4 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.09 g⊕ (10.69 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 18.5 km/s.

In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1935, Kepler-1935 b completes one full revolution every 3.951 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.0463 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 127.5 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.

⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1083 K (+810°C / +1490°F) and receiving 324.78 S⊕ (~442,026 W/m²), Kepler-1935 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.

The host star Kepler-1935 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,570 K, a radius of 0.899 R☉, a mass of 0.845 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.698 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.18 dex (metal-poor relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-1935 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 14.522 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.

Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).