Kepler-174 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-174 c is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-174, located approximately 1254.9 light-years (384.76 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2014 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0482% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.49 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 2.83 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 4.72 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 1.27 g⊕ (12.45 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 15.4 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-174, Kepler-174 c completes one full revolution every 44.001 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.214 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 52.9 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 377 K (+104°C / +219°F) and receiving 5.30 S⊕ (~7,208 W/m²), Kepler-174 c orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-174 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 4,880 K, a radius of 0.622 R☉, a mass of 0.602 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.197 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 4.9 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.56 dex (metal-poor relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-174 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 14.53 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The Kepler-174 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 3 confirmed worlds, with Kepler-174 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside Kepler-174 b, Kepler-174 d.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-174 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 4,880 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.6220 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.6020 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.197 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.560 dex |
| Stellar Age | 4.900 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 14.530 · G: 14.286 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 3 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.214000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 44.001 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 52.9 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.9700° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 4.72 g/cm³ (15.4 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 5.2960 S⊕ (~7,208 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1254.900 LY (384.757 pc) |