Kepler-1680 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-1680 b is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1680, located approximately 1012.1 light-years (310.32 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2020 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0297% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.36 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 2.42 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 5.3 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 1.31 g⊕ (12.85 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 14.9 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1680, Kepler-1680 b completes one full revolution every 8.774 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.07642 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 94.8 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 771 K (+498°C / +928°F) and receiving 49.00 S⊕ (~66,689 W/m²), Kepler-1680 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-1680 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,021 K, a radius of 0.7233 R☉, a mass of 0.834 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.298 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 13.8 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.07 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-1680 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 13.85 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-1680 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,021 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.7233 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.8340 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.298 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.070 dex |
| Stellar Age | 13.800 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 13.850 · G: 13.693 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.076420 AU |
| Orbital Period | 8.774 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 94.8 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 86.0600° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 5.3 g/cm³ (14.9 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 49.0000 S⊕ (~66,689 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1012.100 LY (310.315 pc) |