Kepler-1654 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-1654 b is a confirmed gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1654, located approximately 1852.9 light-years (568.12 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2018 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.5096% across the stellar disk), this world measures 9.18 Earth radii (0.82 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 158.915 Earth masses (0.5 Jupiter masses). Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 1.13 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 1.89 g⊕ (18.53 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 46.5 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1654, Kepler-1654 b completes one full revolution every 1047.836 Earth days (2.87Julian years) at a semi-major axis of 2.026 AU (corresponding to the middle-system regime between Mars at 1.52 AU and Jupiter at 5.20 AU). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 21 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The planet follows a highly eccentric trajectory (e = 0.26, swinging from 1.4992 AU at periapsis out to 2.5528 AU at apoapsis), pointing to past dynamical scattering or secular gravitational perturbations.
☁️ Atmospheric Regime (Volatile / Gas Envelope): With a radius of 9.180 R⊕, Kepler-1654 b exceeds the empirical ~1.8–2.2 R⊕ Fulton radius valley threshold, indicating a substantial hydrogen-helium or supercritical volatile envelope without a conventional solid terrestrial surface.
The host star Kepler-1654 is classified as a solar-type yellow star of spectral type G5 V with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,597 K, a radius of 1.179 R☉, a mass of 1.011 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.224 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 5 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.088 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-1654 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 13.497 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-1654 |
| Spectral Type | G5 V |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,597 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.1790 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.0110 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.224 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.088 dex |
| Stellar Age | 5.000 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 13.497 · G: 13.406 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 2.026000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 1047.836 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 21 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.26000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.9820° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 1.13 g/cm³ (46.5 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 0.3000 S⊕ (~408 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1852.900 LY (568.117 pc) |