Kepler-1650 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-1650 b is a confirmed terrestrial exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1650, located approximately 438.3 light-years (134.4 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2017 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0694% across the stellar disk), this world measures 0.96 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 0.84 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 5.24 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 0.91 g⊕ (8.92 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 10.5 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1650, Kepler-1650 b completes one full revolution every 1.538 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.0167 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 118.1 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). With a near-circular eccentricity of e = 0.01 (ranging from 0.0165 AU at periapsis to 0.0169 AU at apoapsis), the planet experiences minimal orbital distance variation.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 602 K (+329°C / +624°F) and receiving 54.56 S⊕ (~74,259 W/m²), Kepler-1650 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-1650 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 3,410 K, a radius of 0.334 R☉, a mass of 0.326 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.014 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 3.82 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.11 dex (metal-poor relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-1650 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 17.07 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-1650 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 3,410 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.3340 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.3260 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.014 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.110 dex |
| Stellar Age | 3.820 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 17.070 · G: 15.739 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.016700 AU |
| Orbital Period | 1.538 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 118.1 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.01000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 77.3800° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 5.24 g/cm³ (10.5 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 54.5620 S⊕ (~74,259 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 438.300 LY (134.397 pc) |