Kepler-134 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-134 c is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-134, located approximately 1092 light-years (334.8 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2014 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0096% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.26 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 2.13 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 5.87 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 1.34 g⊕ (13.14 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 14.5 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-134, Kepler-134 c completes one full revolution every 10.106 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.092 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 99 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 892 K (+619°C / +1146°F) and receiving 128.09 S⊕ (~174,325 W/m²), Kepler-134 c orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-134 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,983 K, a radius of 1.176 R☉, a mass of 0.956 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.59 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 3.55 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.207 dex (metal-poor relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-134 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 12.318 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The Kepler-134 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with Kepler-134 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside Kepler-134 b.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-134 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,983 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.1760 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.9560 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.59 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.207 dex |
| Stellar Age | 3.550 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 12.318 · G: 12.222 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.092000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 10.106 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 99 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 87.8700° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 5.87 g/cm³ (14.5 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 128.0860 S⊕ (~174,325 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1092.000 LY (334.797 pc) |