Kepler-1235 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-1235 b is a confirmed sub-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1235, located approximately 1763.2 light-years (540.6 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2016 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0065% across the stellar disk), this world measures 0.79 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 0.418 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 4.67 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 0.67 g⊕ (6.57 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 8.1 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1235, Kepler-1235 b completes one full revolution every 4.161 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.04836 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 126.5 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 985 K (+712°C / +1314°F) and receiving 265.33 S⊕ (~361,107 W/m²), Kepler-1235 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-1235 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,541 K, a radius of 0.9 R☉, a mass of 0.93 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.685 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 4.57 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.01 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-1235 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 14.079 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-1235 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,541 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.9000 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.9300 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.685 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.010 dex |
| Stellar Age | 4.570 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 14.079 · G: 13.877 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.048360 AU |
| Orbital Period | 4.161 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 126.5 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.6800° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 4.67 g/cm³ (8.1 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 265.3250 S⊕ (~361,107 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1763.200 LY (540.604 pc) |