Kepler-1104 b

Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization

Kepler-1104 b is a confirmed terrestrial exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1104, located approximately 1730.8 light-years (530.66 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2016 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0064% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.23 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 2.04 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 6.04 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 1.35 g⊕ (13.24 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 14.4 km/s.

In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1104, Kepler-1104 b completes one full revolution every 5.037 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.06321 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 136.5 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.

⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1321 K (+1048°C / +1918°F) and receiving 813.52 S⊕ (~1,107,206 W/m²), Kepler-1104 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.

The host star Kepler-1104 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 6,417 K, a radius of 1.41 R☉, a mass of 1.3 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 3.025 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 2.04 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.13 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-1104 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 12.125 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.

Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).