Kepler-110 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-110 c is a confirmed sub-neptune exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-110, located approximately 1913 light-years (586.53 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2014 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0311% across the stellar disk), this world measures 2.21 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 5.52 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 2.82 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.13 g⊕ (11.08 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 17.7 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-110, Kepler-110 c completes one full revolution every 31.72 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.198 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 67.9 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 743 K (+470°C / +878°F) and receiving 45.34 S⊕ (~61,702 W/m²), Kepler-110 c orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-110 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,960 K, a radius of 1.149 R☉, a mass of 0.989 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.495 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 4.47 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.15 dex (metal-poor relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-110 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 13.003 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The Kepler-110 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with Kepler-110 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside Kepler-110 b.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-110 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,960 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.1490 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.9890 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.495 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.150 dex |
| Stellar Age | 4.470 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 13.003 · G: 12.902 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.198000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 31.72 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 67.9 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.8600° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 2.82 g/cm³ (17.7 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 45.3360 S⊕ (~61,702 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1913.000 LY (586.531 pc) |