Kepler-1099 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-1099 b is a confirmed sub-neptune exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1099, located approximately 3335.9 light-years (1022.8 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2016 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0673% across the stellar disk), this world measures 2.83 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 8.4 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 2.04 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.05 g⊕ (10.3 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 19.3 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1099, Kepler-1099 b completes one full revolution every 2.168 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.0337 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 169.1 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1558 K (+1285°C / +2345°F) and receiving 766.34 S⊕ (~1,042,994 W/m²), Kepler-1099 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-1099 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 5,837 K, a radius of 1 R☉, a mass of 1.01 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.041 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 3.63 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.02 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-1099 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 15.137 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-1099 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 5,837 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.0000 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.0100 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.041 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.020 dex |
| Stellar Age | 3.630 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 15.137 · G: 15.134 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.033700 AU |
| Orbital Period | 2.168 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 169.1 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 88.9600° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 2.04 g/cm³ (19.3 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 766.3440 S⊕ (~1,042,994 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 3335.900 LY (1022.800 pc) |