Kepler-1094 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-1094 b is a confirmed sub-neptune exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1094, located approximately 4210.7 light-years (1291.01 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2016 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0581% across the stellar disk), this world measures 3.18 Earth radii (0.28 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 10.2 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 1.75 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 1.01 g⊕ (9.9 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 20 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1094, Kepler-1094 b completes one full revolution every 78.1 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.3625 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 50.5 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 480 K (+207°C / +405°F) and receiving 10.34 S⊕ (~14,067 W/m²), Kepler-1094 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-1094 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 6,112 K, a radius of 1.21 R☉, a mass of 1.14 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.833 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 3.09 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.06 dex (metal-rich relative to the Sun). From Earth, Kepler-1094 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 15.318 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-1094 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 6,112 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.2100 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.1400 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.833 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.060 dex |
| Stellar Age | 3.090 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 15.318 · G: 14.961 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.362500 AU |
| Orbital Period | 78.1 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 50.5 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.5100° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 1.75 g/cm³ (20 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 10.3360 S⊕ (~14,067 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 4210.700 LY (1291.010 pc) |