Kepler-1093 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-1093 c is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1093, located approximately 3499.3 light-years (1072.88 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2016 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.0224% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.96 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 4.5 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 3.3 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.17 g⊕ (11.47 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 16.9 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1093, Kepler-1093 c completes one full revolution every 89.722 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.41037 AU (situated at an orbital separation between Mercury's 0.39 AU and Venus's 0.72 AU). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 49.8 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 508 K (+235°C / +455°F) and receiving 18.10 S⊕ (~24,634 W/m²), Kepler-1093 c orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-1093 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 6,166 K, a radius of 1.2 R☉, a mass of 1.13 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 1.868 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 2.95 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.01 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-1093 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 13.781 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The Kepler-1093 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with Kepler-1093 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside Kepler-1093 b.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-1093 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 6,166 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.2000 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.1300 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 1.868 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.010 dex |
| Stellar Age | 2.950 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 13.781 · G: 13.808 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.410370 AU |
| Orbital Period | 89.722 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 49.8 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 89.0200° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 3.3 g/cm³ (16.9 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 18.1000 S⊕ (~24,634 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 3499.300 LY (1072.880 pc) |