Kepler-1002 b
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
Kepler-1002 b is a confirmed super-earth exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-1002, located approximately 1331.7 light-years (408.3 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2016 by Kepler using the Transit detection technique (producing an estimated primary transit depth of 0.01% across the stellar disk), this world measures 1.71 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 3.57 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 3.94 g/cm³ (an intermediate density indicative of a deep water-ice mantle or dense volatile envelope), a surface gravity of 1.22 g⊕ (11.96 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 16.2 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around Kepler-1002, Kepler-1002 b completes one full revolution every 4.336 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.0564 AU (orbiting interior to Mercury's 0.387 AU benchmark in the Solar System). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 141.5 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). The orbit is modeled as circular (e = 0.00), maintaining a constant stellar distance throughout its year.
⚠️ Thermal Regime (Irradiated / Hot Zone): At an equilibrium temperature of 1453 K (+1180°C / +2156°F) and receiving 981.68 S⊕ (~1,336,066 W/m²), Kepler-1002 b orbits interior to the runaway greenhouse boundary where surface liquid water cannot persist.
The host star Kepler-1002 is classified as a stellar host with an effective photospheric temperature of 6,144 K, a radius of 1.57 R☉, a mass of 1.22 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 3.151 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 4.07 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.04 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, Kepler-1002 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 11.821 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Kepler · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | Kepler-1002 |
| Spectral Type | Unclassified |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 6,144 K |
| Stellar Radius | 1.5700 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 1.2200 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 3.151 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.040 dex |
| Stellar Age | 4.070 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 11.821 · G: 11.648 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 1 Planet |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.056400 AU |
| Orbital Period | 4.336 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 141.5 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.00000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | 84.1500° |
| Mean Bulk Density | 3.94 g/cm³ (16.2 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 981.6800 S⊕ (~1,336,066 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 1331.700 LY (408.303 pc) |