HD 95735 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
HD 95735 c is a confirmed sub-neptune exoplanet orbiting the star GJ 411, located approximately 18.5 light-years (5.68 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2021 by Multiple Observatories using the Radial Velocity detection technique (measuring periodic Doppler reflex motion in the host star's spectrum), this world measures 3.76 Earth radii (0.34 Jupiter radii) and has a measured mass of 13.6 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 1.41 g/cm³ (a low bulk density dominated by an extended hydrogen-helium gaseous envelope), a surface gravity of 0.96 g⊕ (9.41 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 21.3 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around GJ 411, HD 95735 c completes one full revolution every 2946 Earth days (8.07Julian years) at a semi-major axis of 2.94 AU (corresponding to the middle-system regime between Mars at 1.52 AU and Jupiter at 5.20 AU). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 10.9 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). Its moderate orbital eccentricity of e = 0.132 carries the world between 2.5519 AU at periapsis and 3.3281 AU at apoapsis, driving measurable seasonal insolation cycles.
❄️ Thermal Regime (Cryogenic Zone): With an equilibrium temperature of 63 K (-210°C / -346°F) and an incident flux of 0.00 S⊕ (~3 W/m²), surface water and volatile species on HD 95735 c would remain locked in cryogenic ice phases unless warmed by subsurface tidal or radiogenic heating.
The host star GJ 411 is classified as a low-mass red dwarf of spectral type M1.5 V with an effective photospheric temperature of 3,719 K, a radius of 0.3685 R☉, a mass of 0.3899 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.023 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 8.047 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.362 dex (metal-poor relative to the Sun). From Earth, GJ 411 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 7.49 (accessible to binoculars and small amateur telescopes) in the Northern celestial hemisphere. The GJ 411 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 2 confirmed worlds, with HD 95735 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside GJ 411 b.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: Multiple Observatories · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | GJ 411 |
| Spectral Type | M1.5 V |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 3,719 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.3685 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.3899 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.023 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.362 dex |
| Stellar Age | 8.047 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 7.490 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 2 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 2.940000 AU |
| Orbital Period | 2946 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 10.9 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.13200 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | — |
| Mean Bulk Density | 1.41 g/cm³ (21.3 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 0.0023 S⊕ (~3 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | Exterior / Non-HZ |
| Celestial Distance | 18.500 LY (5.676 pc) |