GJ 1061 c
Astrophysical Synthesis & Habitability Characterization
GJ 1061 c is a confirmed terrestrial exoplanet orbiting the star GJ 1061, located approximately 12 light-years (3.67 parsecs) from the Solar System. First announced in 2020 by La Silla Observatory using the Radial Velocity detection technique (measuring periodic Doppler reflex motion in the host star's spectrum), this world measures 1.19 Earth radii and has a measured mass of 1.81 Earth masses. Combining its mass and radius yields a mean bulk density of 5.92 g/cm³ (a terrestrial silicate-iron composition comparable to Earth (5.51 g/cm³)), a surface gravity of 1.28 g⊕ (12.55 m/s²), and an escape velocity of 13.8 km/s.
In its orbital architecture around GJ 1061, GJ 1061 c completes one full revolution every 6.682 Earth days at a semi-major axis of 0.0342 AU (an ultra-close orbit less than one-seventh of Mercury's 0.387 AU distance from the Sun, where strong stellar tidal forces typically induce synchronous rotation). Its mean orbital velocity is approximately 55.7 km/s (compared to Earth's 29.8 km/s). With a near-circular eccentricity of e = 0.02 (ranging from 0.0335 AU at periapsis to 0.0349 AU at apoapsis), the planet experiences minimal orbital distance variation.
✓ Classified as a Temperate Habitable Zone Candidate.
With an estimated equilibrium temperature of 304 K (+31°C / +88°F) and an incident stellar irradiance of 1.40 S⊕ (~1,905 W/m²), GJ 1061 c orbits within the empirical circumstellar habitable zone where a rocky surface under sufficient atmospheric pressure can maintain liquid surface water.
The host star GJ 1061 is classified as a low-mass red dwarf of spectral type M5.5 V with an effective photospheric temperature of 2,953 K, a radius of 0.156 R☉, a mass of 0.12 M☉, an estimated bolometric luminosity of 0.00166 L☉. Stellar evolution modeling indicates an estimated stellar age of 7 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.08 dex (near-solar heavy-element abundance). From Earth, GJ 1061 shines at apparent V-band magnitude 12.7 (faint and requiring research-grade or CCD telescopic photometry) in the Southern celestial hemisphere. The GJ 1061 system is a multi-planet architecture hosting 3 confirmed worlds, with GJ 1061 c sharing its stellar neighborhood alongside GJ 1061 b, GJ 1061 d.
Methodology: Computed using the Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) weighted metric comparing physical interior (radius, estimated density) and surface thermal regime (escape velocity, equilibrium temperature).
Discovery Facility: La Silla Observatory · Catalogue Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (IPAC / Caltech).
☀️ Host Star Telemetry
| Host Star Name | GJ 1061 |
| Spectral Type | M5.5 V |
| Effective Temp (Teff) | 2,953 K |
| Stellar Radius | 0.1560 R☉ |
| Stellar Mass | 0.1200 M☉ |
| Bolometric Luminosity | 0.00166 L☉ |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | -0.080 dex |
| Stellar Age | 7.000 Gyr |
| Apparent Magnitude | V: 12.700 · G: 10.989 |
| System Architecture | 1 Star, 3 Planets |
🪐 Orbital & Physical Dynamics
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 0.034200 AU |
| Orbital Period | 6.682 days |
| Mean Orbital Velocity | 55.7 km/s |
| Orbital Eccentricity (e) | 0.02000 |
| Orbital Inclination (i) | — |
| Mean Bulk Density | 5.92 g/cm³ (13.8 km/s vesc) |
| Insolation Flux | 1.4000 S⊕ (~1,905 W/m²) |
| Habitable Zone Status | ★ Temperate Zone |
| Celestial Distance | 12.000 LY (3.673 pc) |